The motherboard then triggers the power supply to turn itself on.You press the power button on your PC, which sends a signal to the motherboard of your computer.Let’s see what happens when you turn on your PC: To understand how the power supply unit of a PC works, we will take it from the top. We will be focusing on desktop power supplies in this guide. So essentially, the hardware inside these adapters is similar to a computer PSU’s internal circuitry, but in a very different design and size footprint. The overall footprint was much smaller and the efficiency was more than double two factors that quickly helped SMPS become the standard for computer PSUs.Įssentially, AC/DC power adapters, like the ones used in laptops & phone adapters, are all technically power supplies. Switched mode power supplies (SMPS), on the other hand, were more complex but still preferable for computer systems moving forward. Why did the design shift happen? Linear power supplies were considerably inefficient, usually under 40% efficiency, while being much larger and heavier. Older computers used to have linear power supplies, but every PC today employs a switched-mode power supply, also referred to as SMPS. There are also derivatives based on the ATX standard, like the SFX power supplies, which are popular for use with mini ITX motherboards. The ATX standard is what is being used today in the form of new revisions like the brand new ATX 3.0 power supplies, which include the 16-pin PCIe Gen 5 12VHPWR connector for graphics cards like Nvidia’s RTX 4090 and RTX 3090 Ti. By 1999, the older Baby AT/AT power supplies became obsolete. ![]() Intel patented the ATX standard for motherboards and power supplies in 1995. As a result, there were many different kinds of power supplies with no universal design, like AT, Baby AT, and more. Until the ATX standard of power supplies and motherboards came out in 1995, power supplies did not have a standardized design or form factor. ![]() As the name implies, your PC’s power supply unit (PSU) is responsible for providing electricity to the various system components.
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